{"id":1344,"date":"2014-05-16T14:32:33","date_gmt":"2014-05-16T19:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nicholls.edu\/policy-procedure-manual\/?page_id=1344"},"modified":"2014-05-16T14:32:33","modified_gmt":"2014-05-16T19:32:33","slug":"3-11-bylaws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nicholls.edu\/policy-procedure-manual\/3-unclassified-staff-policies\/3-11-bylaws\/","title":{"rendered":"3.11. Bylaws"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"top\"><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3.11.1\">3.11.1 Article I \u2013 Council Membership<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.1.1\">3.11.1.1 Representation<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.1.2\">3.11.1.2 Eligibility<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.1.3\">3.11.1.3 Elections<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.1.4\">3.11.1.4 Vacant Positions<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.1.5\">3.11.1.5 Term and Term Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#3.11.2\">3.11.2 Article II \u2013 Officers<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.2.1\">3.11.2.1 Primary Duties<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.2.2\">3.11.2.2 Election of Officers<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.2.3\">3.11.2.3 Term of Office<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#3.11.3\">3.11.3 Article III \u2013 Meetings<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.1\">3.11.3.1 Frequency of Meetings<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.2\">3.11.3.2 Officer Election Meeting<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.3\">3.11.3.3 Agenda<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.4\">3.11.3.4 Meeting Schedules<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.5\">3.11.3.5 Meeting Format<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.6\">3.11.3.6 Emergency Meetings<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.7\">3.11.3.7 Minutes<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.8\">3.11.3.8 Meeting Procedures<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.3.9\">3.11.3.9 Voting by Proxy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#3.11.4\">3.11.4 Article IV \u2013 Special Issues<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.4.1\">3.11.4.1 Email Voting<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.4.2\">3.11.4.2 Information submitted by Employees<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#3.11.5\">3.11.5 Article V \u2013 Amendment of Bylaws<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.5.1\">3.11.5.1 Amendment Spring 2006<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.5.2\">3.11.5.2 Amendment Fall 2006<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#3.11.5.3\">3.11.5.3 Amendment Spring 2007<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>3.11.1 Article I \u2013 Council Membership<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.1.1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.1.1 Representation<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The Council membership shall be comprised of elected representatives as follows:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\n<li>Academic Affairs:\u00a02 members<\/li>\n<li>Business Affairs: 2 members<\/li>\n<li>Institutional Advancement\/President\u2019s Office: 2 members<\/li>\n<li>Student Affairs: 2 members<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.1.2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.1.2 Eligibility<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Eligible individuals include any member of the Association who has been employed full time, regardless of classification for a minimum of 24 consecutive months at ÐÓ°É´«Ã½.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.1.3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.1.3 Elections<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Elections shall be held before May 1<sup>st<\/sup> each year.\u00a0 The Council Vice President shall notify Unclassified Staff of the available positions by print, email, and\/or web announcement by March 15<sup>th<\/sup> of each year.\u00a0 Interested individuals must complete a USAC Election Intent Form and return it through campus mail or electronically to the Council Vice President by April 1<sup>st<\/sup> of each year.\u00a0 In the event that no qualified Unclassified Staff submits election forms by the deadline for one or all of the positions available, the following courses of action will be attempted:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\n<li>Extend eligibility to Unclassified Staff members, from the division lacking a nominee, who have been employed less than two years as well as Council members from that division who are completing their term with the election.\u00a0 Candidates will have five working days to submit an Election Intent Form.<\/li>\n<li>If qualified nominees are still lacking, Council members representing the division from which no nominations have been received will recommend an Unclassified Employee from that division.\u00a0 The person recommended will be informed of their nomination and asked to complete an Election Intent Form.<\/li>\n<li>If qualified nominees are still lacking, the division that is lacking a nominee will forfeit that position for one year.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Once Election Intent Forms have been collected the Council Vice President will forward the forms to Human Resources for verification of eligibility.\u00a0 Human Resources will document such eligibility or lack thereof on the Election Intent Form and return them to the Council Vice President.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The Vice President will make ballots available on the Council web site and identify a closing date for voting that shall fall before May 1<sup>st<\/sup>.\u00a0 Each Unclassified Staff member who chooses to vote will do so through internet vote.\u00a0 Each Association member shall have one opportunity to vote for the candidates running within their division.\u00a0 Election results will be kept on file a minimum of two years.\u00a0 The Council President will notify Association members of the election results.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.1.4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.1.4 Vacant Positions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In the event that a Council Member should leave the University, resign from their Council position, or is otherwise unable to fulfill his\/her duties, a special election shall be held if the person who is vacating the position has a minimum of six (6) months left in his\/her term.\u00a0 Otherwise, the position will remain vacant until the next regular election.\u00a0 The Vice President will solicit nominees by sending an email to all Association members in the division in which the resigning member is employed.\u00a0 Thereafter, the same procedures shall be implemented as in an annual election within thirty days.\u00a0 The newly elected member shall complete the term of the exiting member.\u00a0 However, this time served shall not count against his\/her term limit, should he\/she decide to seek election again.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.1.5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.1.5 Term and Term Limits<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">A term shall be defined as a two-year period beginning and ending May 1<sup>st<\/sup>.\u00a0 Membership is limited to two consecutive terms.\u00a0 After a one-term absence an individual may seek election again.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>3.11.2 Article II \u2013 Officers<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.2.1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.2.1 Primary Duties<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">President\u00a0 The President shall: schedule and create an agenda for all meetings; facilitate all meetings; meet with the University President as necessary; submit written reports, responses, and recommendations to the University President as necessary;\u00a0 provide email updates as appropriate to all Unclassified Staff; represent The Council on Faculty Senate and any other committees seeking Unclassified Staff representation; submit approved minutes to University President.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Vice President\u00a0 The Vice President shall: fulfill the President\u2019s obligations in his\/her absence; assist with the President\u2019s duties as requested by the President; announce elections, make ballots available to all Unclassified Staff, clear Election forms through Human Resources, and collect results to report to the Council; upon formation of subcommittees, coordinate said subcommittees.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Recording Secretary \u00a0 The Recording Secretary shall: record minutes of all the Council meetings; submit minutes for posting on the Council web page and to Ellender Memorial Library Archives; conduct the annual Unclassified Staff Opinion Survey.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.2.2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.2.2 Election of Officers<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">After May 1<sup>st<\/sup> and before May 31<sup>st<\/sup> of each year members of the Council shall elect officers in a special meeting.\u00a0 This meeting shall be facilitated by outgoing President.\u00a0 At this meeting individuals may verbally nominate themselves or any member may verbally nominate another member for any of the three offices.\u00a0 Each member shall cast one vote for each office by secret written ballot.\u00a0 The votes will be counted at that same meeting by a member whose name does not appear on the ballot and results will be announced immediately.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.2.3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.2.3 Term of Office<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Each officer shall be elected for a one-year term.\u00a0 He\/she shall be eligible for a limit of two consecutive terms in the same office.\u00a0 After the two consecutive terms, the individual may run for a different office.\u00a0 Following an absence of one year from a particular office, that individual may run again for that same office.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>3.11.3 Article III \u2013 Meetings<\/h3>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.3.1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.1 Frequency of Meetings<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">A minimum of two (2) meetings shall be held during each of the Fall and Spring semesters and one (1) during the Summer session.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.2 Officer Election Meeting<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In addition to the meetings described in III.A., a special meeting will be held between May 1<sup>st<\/sup> and May 31<sup>st<\/sup> of each year for the purpose of electing officers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.3 Agenda<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Meeting agendas will be written by the Council President and distributed no later than 5 working days before a meeting.\u00a0 Council or Association members may submit to the President items to appear on the agenda no later than 10 working days before a scheduled meeting.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.4 Meeting Schedules<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Regularly scheduled meetings, not to include emergency meetings, will be posted on the Council web site and advertised via email no later than 15 working days before the meeting.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.5 Meeting Format<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">All meetings will be open to the public.\u00a0 However, if an attendee would like an item to be addressed it must be placed on the agenda as per III.C.\u00a0 An executive session may be called at any time during the meeting by majority vote of Council members.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.6 Emergency Meetings<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In addition to regularly scheduled meetings, emergency meetings may be called by the Council President in response to a special request or need from the University President, or an Association or Council member.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.7 Minutes<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Minutes as recorded by the Recording Secretary shall be sent by email to all Council members and meeting guests within five working days after a meeting.\u00a0 Council members then have five working days to send any corrections by email to the Recording Secretary. Within an additional five working days, the Recording Secretary shall complete the corrections and have the minutes posted on the Council web page.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.8 Meeting Procedures<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The President may call votes as necessary during meetings.\u00a0 Any member may request at any time that the President call for a vote on a particular item.\u00a0 A quorum, constituted by a presence of a majority of Council members, must be present for a vote to take place.\u00a0 The majority of the quorum will decide the outcome.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.3.9\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.3.9 Voting by Proxy<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">When a pre-planned vote has been scheduled for a particular meeting and a council member cannot attend, he\/she may cast an absentee vote in writing or via e-mail to any council member or to the president prior to the meeting.\u00a0 If it is submitted by e-mail, the recipient must print it out and the hard copy must be brought to the meeting at which the vote will take place.\u00a0 The printed copy in either form should the be entered into the official record.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>3.11.4 Article IV \u2013 Special Issues<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.4.1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.4.1 Email Voting<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The Council President may call for an email vote if expedience is necessary and a meeting is not feasible. In this case, the issue on which the Council is voting will be fully explained in an email sent from the President to all Council members.\u00a0 Each member will have 24 hours to respond and cast a vote by email.\u00a0 This response and email vote should be sent to all members of the Council.\u00a0 A majority of members must respond for the vote to be valid.\u00a0 Results of the vote will be disseminated to all Council members within 24 hours of receiving the final vote or of the initial 24 hours, whichever comes first. Results of the vote will be noted in the minutes of the following meeting.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.4.2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.4.2 Information submitted by Employees<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Should an Association member submit concerns, questions, or recommendations to any Council member, that member will immediately send by email that information to all Council members.\u00a0 The President will respond to that Staff member by email within 24 hours and state that the Council appreciates the input and will address the issue at the next meeting.\u00a0 If the President is not available, the Vice President will respond.\u00a0 If the Vice President is not available, the Recording Secretary will respond.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>3.11.5 Article V \u2013 Amendment of Bylaws<\/h3>\n<p>Bylaws shall be amended by the following procedure:\u00a0 Amendments must be submitted in writing by a Council member at a meeting.\u00a0 It will be voted on at the following meeting. A simple majority of the Council members present, provided there is a quorum, must approve the amendment for it to be adopted.\u00a0 Between the meeting in which it is proposed and the meeting in which it is voted on, an email will be sent to all Association members informing them of the proposed amendment and inviting them to submit their input to the Council.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3.11.5.1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.5.1 Amendment Spring 2006<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">As per Article V of the Bylaws, as of Spring 2006, the Council representation from the University President\u2019s office will be combined with representation from Institutional Advancement.\u00a0 Two members from this combination shall serve on the Council.\u00a0 Therefore, the Council will hereafter consist of a total of eight (8) members.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.5.2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.5.2 Amendment Fall 2006<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">As per Article V of the Bylaws, as of Fall 2006, the following changes were made:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\n<li>The association members will vote only for candidates running in their division.<\/li>\n<li>Vacant positions will only be filled by election if the departing council member has a minimum of six months left in his\/her term.<\/li>\n<li>The responsibility of conducting the opinion survey has been moved under the duties of the Recording Secretary.<\/li>\n<li>All email voting responses should be sent to the entire Council; not just the President.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a name=\"3.11.5.3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3.11.5.3 Amendment Spring 2007<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">As per Article V of the Bylaws, as of Spring 2007, the following changes were made:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\n<li>Eligible individuals may have been employed in any classification as long as it was a minimum of 24 consecutive months at ÐÓ°É´«Ã½.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Voting by proxy for preplanned votes is now an option.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Changes to Section of Manual<\/h5>\n<table class=\"table-defaults table-lines-vertical table-lines-horizontal table-header-red table-border-black\" style=\"width: 644px;height: 52px\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"22%\">Section<\/th>\n<th width=\"22%\">Effective Date<\/th>\n<th width=\"20%\">Origin<\/th>\n<th width=\"22%\">Change Form<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">N\/A<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3.11.1 Article I \u2013 Council Membership 3.11.1.1 Representation 3.11.1.2 Eligibility 3.11.1.3 Elections 3.11.1.4 Vacant Positions 3.11.1.5 Term and Term Limits 3.11.2 Article II \u2013 Officers 3.11.2.1 Primary Duties 3.11.2.2 Election of Officers 3.11.2.3 Term of Office 3.11.3 Article III \u2013 Meetings 3.11.3.1 Frequency of Meetings 3.11.3.2 Officer Election Meeting 3.11.3.3 Agenda 3.11.3.4 Meeting Schedules 3.11.3.5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":1232,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1344","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3.11. 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